It refers to impairment in normal speech production.
Fluency disorders
Also called as Stuttering or Stammering. It refers to interruption in the flow of speech which can be accompanied with excessive tension or struggle behavior.
Voice disorders
It is characterized by abnormal production of voice causing differences in loudness, pitch and duration with respect to individual’s age and gender or overall changes in the quality of voice.
Articulation disorders
Inaccurate production of speech sounds disrupting the understanding or comprehensibility of the speech by the listeners.
Resonance disorders
It refers to changes in the quality of voice due to any structural or functional defect in the oral musculature disrupting the normal resonance making the voice hypernasal, hyponasal or of mixed nasality.
Dysarthria
It is a motor speech disorder resulting from impairment of muscle movements required for speech production. Few or all subsystems of speech can be affected. It can be caused due to Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tumors, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis, Multiple sclerosis etc.
Apraxia of speech
It is also a motor speech disorder wherein the accuracy and consistency of speech are affected in the absence of neuromuscular deficits. It can occur both in children as well as adult.
